Reconstructing Aragonite Saturation State Based on an Empirical Relationship for Northern California     

Catherine V. Davis  Tessa M. Hill  John L. Largier  Brian Gaylord  Jaime Jahncke 《Estuaries and Coasts》2018,41(7):2056-2069

Ocean acidification is a global phenomenon with highly regional spatial and temporal patterns. In order to address the challenges of future ocean acidification at a regional scale, it is necessary to increase the resolution of spatial and temporal monitoring of the inorganic carbon system beyond what is currently available. One approach is to develop empirical regional models that enable aragonite saturation state to be estimated from existing hydrographic measurements, for which greater spatial coverage and longer time series exist in addition to higher spatial and temporal resolution. We present such a relationship for aragonite saturation state for waters off Northern California based on in situ bottle sampling and instrumental measurements of temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. Application of this relationship to existing datasets (5 to 200 m depth) demonstrates both seasonal and interannual variability in aragonite saturation state. We document a deeper aragonite saturation horizon and higher near surface aragonite saturation state in the summers of 2014 and 2015 (compared with 2010–2013), associated with anomalous warm conditions and decadal scale oscillations. Application of this model to time series data reiterates the direct association between low aragonite saturation state and upwelled waters and highlights the extent to which benthic communities on the Northern California shelf are already exposed to aragonite undersaturated waters.  相似文献   

Oxygen isotope zoning in garnets from Franciscan eclogite blocks: evidence for rock–buffered fluid interaction in the mantle wedge     

Jessica C. Errico  Jaime D. Barnes  Ariel Strickland  John W. Valley 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2013,166(4):1161-1176

The oxygen isotope compositions of eclogite and amphibolite garnets from Franciscan Complex high-grade blocks and actinolite rinds encasing the blocks were determined to place constraints on their fluid histories. SIMS oxygen isotope analysis of single garnets from five eclogite blocks from three localities (Ring Mountain, Mount Hamilton, and Jenner Beach) shows an abrupt decrease in the δ¹⁸O value by ~1–3 ‰ from core to rim at a distance of ~120 ± 50 μm from the rim in nine out of the 12 garnets analyzed. In contrast, amphibolite garnets from one block (Ring Mountain) analyzed show a gradual increase in δ¹⁸O value from core to rim, implying a different history from that of the eclogite blocks. Values of δ¹⁸O in eclogite garnet cores range from 5.7 to 11.6 ‰, preserving the composition of the eclogite protolith. The abrupt decrease in the δ¹⁸O values of the garnet rims to values ranging from 3.2 to 11.2 ‰ suggests interaction with a lower δ¹⁸O fluid during the final stages of growth during eclogite facies metamorphism (450–600 °C). We hypothesize that this fluid is sourced from the serpentinized mantle wedge. High Mg, Ni, and Cr contents of actinolite rinds encasing the blocks also support interaction with ultramafic rock. Oxygen isotope thermometry using chlorite and phengite versus actinolite of rinds suggests temperatures of 185–240 °C at Ring Mountain and Mount Hamilton. Rind formation temperatures together with the lower δ¹⁸O garnet rims suggest that the blocks were in contact with ultramafic rock from the end of garnet growth through low-temperature retrogression. We suggest a tectonic model in which oceanic crust is subducted at the initiation of subduction and becomes embedded in the overlying mantle wedge. As subduction continues, metasomatic exchange between high-grade blocks and surrounding ultramafic rock is recorded in low δ¹⁸O garnet rims, and later as temperatures decrease, with rind formation.  相似文献   

Relationship between solar radiation and dimethylsulfide concentrations using in situ data for the pristine region of the southern hemisphere     

Jaime Osorio  Blanca Mendoza  Jorge Zavala-Hidalgo 《Geofísica Internacional》2013,52(4):343-354

The biological processes have been proposed as climate variability contributors. Dimethylsulfide (DMS) is the main biogenic sulfur compound in the atmosphere; it is mainly produced by the marine biosphere and plays an important role in the atmospheric sulfur cycle. Currently it is accepted that terrestrial biota not only adapts to environmental conditions but also influences them through regulations of the chemical composition of the atmosphere. In the present study we used a wavelet method to investigate the relationship between DMS, Low cloud cover (LCC), Ultraviolet Radiation A (UVA), Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the so called pristine zone of the Southern Hemisphere. We found that the series analyzed have different periodicities which can be associated with large scale climatic phenomena such as El Niño (ENSO) or the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), and/or to solar activity. Our results show an intermittent but sustained DMS-SST correlation and a DMSUVA anti correlation; but DMS-TSI and DMS-LCC show nonlinear relationships. The time-span of the series allow us to study only periodicities shorter than 11 years, then we limit our analysis to the possibility that solar radiation influences the Earth climate in periods shorter than the 11-year solar cycle. Our results also suggest a positive feedback interaction between DMS and solar radiation.  相似文献   

Díaz Viera,M.A., Sahay,N., Coronado,M. and Ortiz Tapia,A. (eds.): Mathematical and Numerical Modeling in Porous Media: Applications in Geosciences     

J. Jaime Gómez-Hernández 《Mathematical Geosciences》2014,46(3):377-380

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Environmental and cultural changes in highland Guatemala inferred from Lake Amatitlán sediments     

Maria I. Velez  Jason H. Curtis  Mark Brenner  Jaime Escobar  Barbara W. Leyden  Marion Popenoe de Hatch 《Geoarchaeology》2011,26(3):346-364

We inferred the late Holocene environmental history of the Guatemala highlands from multiple lines of evidence in a sediment core from Lake Amatitlán. Inferred environmental changes are generally synchronous with archaeologically documented highland Maya cultural shifts. Population increases in the Middle Preclassic, Early Classic, and Late Postclassic are associated with deforestation and soil erosion. Land abandonment in the Late Preclassic, Late Classic, and Early Postclassic is associated with evidence for reforestation and soil stabilization. Diatoms indicate relatively lower lake level and greater trophic status at times of reduced human impact, from ca. 250 B.C. to A.D. 125 and from ca. A.D. 875 to 1375. Decreased water levels were probably due to drier climate, to reforestation, or both. Lake eutrophication was caused by reduced water volume combined with a legacy of long‐term agricultural activity. Our data contribute to the understanding of relations among ancient Maya culture, climate, and environment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

On the “blue sky catastrophe” termination in the restricted four-body problem     

Jaime Burgos-García  Joaquín Delgado 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2013,117(2):113-136

The restricted three-body problem (R3BP) possesses the property that some classes of doubly asymptotic (i.e., homoclinic or heteroclinic) orbits are limit members of families of periodic orbits, this phenomenon has been known as the “blue sky catastrophe” termination principle. A similar case occurs in the restricted four body problem for the collinear equilibrium point $L_{2}$ L 2 . In the restricted four body problem with primaries in a triangle relative equilibrium, we show that the same phenomenon observed in the R3BP occurs. We prove that there exists a critical value of the mass parameter $\mu _{b}$ μ b such that for $\mu =\mu _{b}$ μ = μ b a Hamiltonian Hopf bifurcation takes place. Moreover we show that for $\mu >\mu _{b}$ μ > μ b the stable and unstable manifolds of $L_{2}$ L 2 intersect transversally and the spectrum corresponds to a complex saddle. This proves that Henrard’s theorem applies at least for $\mu $ μ close to $\mu _{b}$ μ b . In particular there exists a family of periodic orbits having the homoclinic orbit as a limit.  相似文献   

New Developments in Subsurface Flow and Transport     

J. Jaime Gómez-Hernández 《Mathematical Geosciences》2012,44(2):131-132

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Diffusion of landfill leachate through compacted natural clays containing small amounts of carbonates and sulfates   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Isabel S. De Soto  Ana I. Ruiz  Carlos Ayora  Rosario García  Mercedes Regadio  Jaime Cuevas 《Applied Geochemistry》2012

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Monitoring of soil subsidence in urban and coastal areas due to groundwater overexploitation using GPS     

Sylvana Melo dos Santos  Jaime Joaquim da Silva Pereira Cabral  Ivaldo Dario da Silva Pontes Filho 《Natural Hazards》2012,64(1):421-439

The global positioning system (GPS) is widely used for determining the three-dimensional position of points on earth surface. In the last few years, its use has also been increasingly employed for obtaining vertical geometric coordinates, which associated with the orthometrical altitude of the point can be employed in various civil engineering applications, as has been seen in diverse localities throughout the world. The satisfactory performance of this technology for obtaining excellent precision in vertical coordinates demands some conditions, related to the satellites, such as transmission of signals and, principally, in the case of urbanized areas, the presence of obstructions in the proximity of the equipment, which interferes with the quality and quantity of the information collected. GPS is an efficient technique for the detection of small movements, including the monitoring of soil subsidence. The present article describes adequate forms of the use of GPS in such a way as to guarantee good precision of the resulting vertical coordinates, even under unfavorable situations, such as in coastal areas, where the reference networks for monitoring are implanted in only one of the sides of the point?Cobject region, which makes the situation more difficult and requires careful planning so that the use of GPS reaches the desired precision.  相似文献   

Culturing of the first 37:4 predominant lacustrine haptophyte: Geochemical,biochemical, and genetic implications     

Jaime L. Toney  Susanna Theroux  Robert A. Andersen  Annette Coleman  Linda Amaral-Zettler  Yongsong Huang 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2012

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